Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Role of Nurse Educators in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Role of Nurse Educators in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example To become one means to have the competence to inculcate the ideologies and values of nursing care provision among students, ability to determine new roles brought about by socio-professional changes and has the conceptual knowledge and experience to provide a holistic academic and clinical educational experience to the learner. With all this responsibility, one is bound to ask 'How do nurse educators define, perceive and construct their own teaching professionalism especially in light of the changes in health care provision' It is in this spirit that I conduct this study. I seek to determine the roles of a professional nurse educator and their work strategy to know how they deal with the responsibility and at the same time determine how they gauge their efficiency. The focus of the study is mainly on their teaching strategies, how they assess the development of nurses and their action plan for academic and practical sessions. Results from this data is hoped to provide a reference for understanding and improving the nursing educator profession and professionalism. Literature Review Many researchers and scholars have made several contributions towards the various aspects surrounding the profession of nurse educators. Research regarding the core competencies expected of a nurse educator is particularly popular and has led to interesting results. Heath, Potter and Perry (1995) focused on the academic qualification and work setting of nurse educators as they state that nurse educators are primarily those who are working in the academic arena and have attained their master's or doctoral degree. They add they can also be those who work in the staff development department of health care agencies... This essay stresses that nurse educators are those in the academia and clinical settings who persevere to educate future nurses and at the same time produce scholarship that will advance the field. They are the force that design, evaluate, implement and revise the current content and pedagogies of the academic and continuing curriculum for nurse education. To become one means to have the competence to inculcate the ideologies and values of nursing care provision among students, ability to determine new roles brought about by socio-professional changes and has the conceptual knowledge and experience to provide a holistic academic and clinical educational experience to the learner. This study uses Grounded Theory proposed by Glaser and Strauss in order to study the role of nurse educators in Saudi Arabia. The method involves obtaining data on their daily activities and generates theories or explanations of human behavior and social processes. Some nurse educators are expected to find it hard to answer some questions posed during the interview. Grounded theory is deemed to be effective and appropriate in collecting the data from the nurse educators from both clinical and academic background in the form of codes or key points derived and interpreted during the conversation with the participants. The analytical tool will facilitate in exploring the setting of human action at the time of interview with the nurse educators, nurses and managers.
Monday, October 28, 2019
Counseling Ethics Essay Example for Free
Counseling Ethics Essay Ethics are based on philosophical principles and these guidelines assist a practitioner in making the best possible decisions for the welfare of the clients and the practitioner himself. Ethics are normative or critical in nature and concern human conduct and moral decision. Morality describes decision making and judgement by an individual concerning an incident or human behaviour. This is greatly influenced by the values he or she has acquired or formed as a result of external influence or indoctrination. Value is an enduring belief that a specific that a specific end-state of conduct is desirable (McLeod, 1998). Terminal and instrumental values are two types of values where the former refer to the desired end-state of existence, for example wisdom and the later refer to the mode of conduct that leads to it, for example broad-mindedness .Values then influence and determine the decisions we choose to make in our daily lives. In providing an effective, therapeutic therapy, a practitioner helping a client encountering dilemma in decision- making may adopt the eight – step model approach to think through the ethical problems (Corey, Corey Callanan, 2007). The steps of the model are described as follows: Step 1- Identify the problem or dilemma. In the first step the existence of the problem must be recognised. The nature of the problem has to be ascertained. Identify if it is an ethical, legal, moral, professional or clinical problem. The practitioner’s and the client’s insights regarding the problem must be examined. Consultation with the client can begin at this stage as problems are being identified. Looking at the problem from different perspectives is useful as most ethical dilemmas are complex. Step 2 – Identify the potential issues involved. From the collected information, irrelevant ones must be discarded. The critical issues must be noted and described. The welfare of those involved; their rights and responsibilities must be evaluated. Ethical principles relevant to the problem must be identified and examined with the client. In doing so the moral principles namely, autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice and fidelity must be considered and applied to the situation. The safety and welfare of the client and practitioner cannot be compromised while potential issues are being sorted out. Step 3- Review the relevant ethics codes. The practitioner must seek guidance that can be found from the professional codes of ethics. They provide a basis for accountability, and through their enforcement, provide protection for clients from unethical practices (Corey, 1997). Practitioner must also examine the agreeability of his values with the relevant codes. Should they be in conflict, he must have a rationale to support his stance. It is essential to consider congruency of these values and ethics with those of the client’s. The practitioner must ensure clarity of the ethical codes and if they are applicable with the state laws of the region. Step 4- Know the applicable laws and regulations. The practitioner should be up to date with the specific and relevant laws that apply to the ethical issue. This is particularly critical in situations which deal with keeping or breaching of confidentiality, reporting of child or elder abuse, record keeping, assessment, diagnosis, issues pertaining to dangers to self or others and the grounds of malpractice. Step 5- Obtain consultation. Consulting with colleagues to obtain different perspectives on the problems is generally considered to be helpful. Seeking legal counsel for legal questions is prudent along with consulting a person with an expertise in an unfamiliar culture to serve a client from that culture. In addition the practitioner must understand current rules and regulations of the agency or organization that he or she is working for. It is wise for the nature of the consultation and suggestions provided to be documented. These records would illustrate the practitioner’s attempt to adhere to the community’s standard practice. Step 6- Consider possible and probable courses of action. At this point a list of a variety of courses of action may be identified through brainstorming. The practitioner could discuss with the client as well as other professionals the available options. The possibilities could be identified for probable courses of actions and these should be documented. Step 7- Enumerate the consequences of various decisions. From the various possible courses of actions, implications of each course must be examined. The questions of who will be affected and to what extent will the client’s decision to pursue the actions affect them must be carefully examined. Again using the fundamental moral principles as a framework, the client must collaborate with the practitioner to ascertain the probable outcomes and consequences. If new ethical issues arise from the selected course of action, a re-evaluation of the action must be pursued. Step 8- Decide on what appears to be the best course of action. Careful consideration of all information received from different sources deliberately and with sensitivity to cross cultural issues is critical before making the best decision. Once making the decision, informing the supervisor, implementing and documenting the decision follows. Reflecting on the experience considering any follow up action could result in finding a solution for the client. While the procedural steps may help in resolving ethical matters, some implications may be noted. Firstly, the client enters a collaborative relationship with the practitioner. The implication is that the client with the practitioner’s help must draw out the details of the problem. This implicates that the client should refrain from coveting relevant information to enable an accurate analysis of the issue. This is to ascertain the true nature of the problem whether it is an ethical, legal, moral, professional, or clinical one. The different perspectives of the problem must be explored. What are the insights the client and practitioner have regarding the problem? (Corey et al., 2007). Failing which the consequence is an unnecessary delay in resolving the problem as there will be an inaccurate analysis of the situation. Secondly, in identifying the potential issues, all the persons involved in the problem must be identified. The implication of failing to identify any one individual who may be affected by the decision of the client would be unethical. The welfare, rights and responsibilities of those affected by the decision might create a different set of problems. The decision would then have to be reversed and a new course of action would have to be pursued. It is to therefore necessary to explore to what extent the course of the action will affect the client and the others (Corey et al., 2007). Next the values and ethics of the client and the practitioner must be evaluated and the degree of congruency noted. This implicates that the relevant ethical principles that are identified to the problem should not be in conflict with those of the client and the practitioner. If there are disagreements, then they must be supported with a rationale. If necessary, guidance must be sought from the relevant organization to clarify the professional codes to the particular problem. Otherwise consequently, the client’s decision may violate the ethical codes relevant to the issue. The client must be informed of the relevant and most recent laws or regulations that apply to the situation. He must look out for any law or regulations that have a bearing on the situation. The implication of his ignorance is that he may run into problems with the law. The practitioner too must abide by the rules, regulations and policies of the workplace. When in doubt practitioner must seek professional advice. The client must be informed of legal issues related to confidentiality, abuse of the vulnerable, record keeping and grounds for malpractice. If the practitioner discovers a criminal act by a client for example, sex with an under-aged girl he has the moral responsibility to report him. The practitioner has the ethical responsibility to discuss with the client on the implications of his actions before reporting the incident. The client must understand the implications of his actions that violate the law. The fundamental moral principles may be considered as framework for evaluating the consequences of the given course of action. The client must decide the principles that apply to the situation specifically and prioritise them. By thinking through these ethical principles, professional can better evaluate their options in such complex situations. Prioritising the principles can help the client and practitioner to work through the steps of the decision-making model (Elizabeth, 2010). There are implications however when prioritizing one over another. The practitioner encourages the client to exercise autonomy i.e. making a free choice. In doing so, the client must have the concept of doing no harm or non-maleficence and acting in justice (Elizabeth, 2010). Conflict can arise when subscribing to justice which may result in the necessity of treating an individual differently. Though not easy to apply equal weightage to all the principles, it will help to explore an ethical dilemma and resolve it with the least damage to the welfare of those affected. The model may be useful when clients seek help in making decisions in their life regarding relationship issues. A client may be caught in a loveless marriage and be involved in an extra-marital affair and seek advice to take the next step in his life. The dilemma of whether to dissolve his marriage and move on with his life or stay in the marriage to fulfil his duties towards his wife and children is one that needs careful consideration. A divorce would mean breaking up of his family and causing a disruption in the relationship with his children. Staying in the marriage would mean the sacrifice of his love life. Analysing his situation using the model can shed light to clarify the implications of his actions and weigh the consequences. The model may help clients to make decisions at their place of work regarding conflicting work practices. An office worker may be tormented by the wrong practices of her fellow colleagues. She may be facing a dilemma as to whether to report her colleagues to the management or turn a blind eye to the situation. The model can help the client to analyse the situation and evaluate her moral values. She would then be able to make an ethical decision that would do least harm to those involved in the situation. In conclusion, the eight – step model can be a useful tool in helping a practitioner to guide clients to make sound decisions that do not have conflict with their ethics and are aligned with the laws and regulations of the region. In doing so the practitioner must ensure that he or she is operating in the best interest of the clients.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay example -- essays research pa
â€Å"The American Dream is invariably seen to fail. Discuss†The Great Gatsby           F. Scott Fitzgerald is seen as one of the greatest American writers, admired by his contemparies and by modern audiences of today. Fitzgerald was very much in tune with the early twentieth century American culture. He is credited with capturing the ‘Jazz Age’, which he described as â€Å"a generation grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken†. Fitzgerald observed the culture around him with a critical eye. Despite being able to depict America like few others could, many see Fitzgerald’s writing as an indictment on its values.      Works such as The Diamond as Big as the Ritz and Absolution (said by Fitzgerald to be an introduction to The Great Gatsby ) are regarded as attacks on the concept of the American Dream and that Fitzgerald believed it to be futile. This disillusionment is most starkly and tragically explored in The Great Gatsby.      The character of Jay Gatsby could be perceived as the embodiment of the American Dream. He comes from a poor working background, where he is James Gatz, and reinvents himself into the wealthy popular figure of Jay Gatsby. He represents the idea that â€Å"anybody can make it in America†.      After Gatsby’s death, his Father shows Nick his ‘schedule’ from when he was a boy; SCHEDULE Rise from bed                              6.00          A.M Dumbbell exercise and wall-scaling               6.15 – 6.30      â€Å" Study electricity, etc.                         7.15 – 8.15 â€Å" Work                                   8.30 – 4.30 P.M Baseball and sports         &nb... ...dreams – not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion.†The American Dream is simply that; a dream. Through the tragedy of Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows us what happens when fantasy and reality are brought together. Despite seemingly having everything, Gatsby has nothing. His material wealth cannot compensate for what he lacks emotionally. Like Jay Gatsby, the American Dream will always fail when it is shattered by reality. Bibliography Deborah L. Madsen, American Exceptionalism, Keele University Press, 1998 Leslie Fieldler, Love and Death in the American Novel (3rd Edition), Penguin, 1982 Thomas Stavoli, Scott Fitzgerald: Crisis in American Identity, Vision Press, 1979 Brian Way, F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Art of Social Fiction, Arnold, 1986 Neil Campbell and Alisdair Kean, American Cultural Studies: An Introduction to American Culture, Routledge, 1997 Ann Massa and Scott Donaldson, American Literature: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, Newton Abbot, 1978 Marius Bewley, The Eccentric Design: Form in the Classic American Novel, Columbia University Press, 1959 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1993
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Elementary Education Essay
It may seem difficult for some to see just how teaching can become an ultimate job for myself, let alone anyone for that matter. It is easy to see why certain people have this kind of opinion of this profession. For one, depending on the career path and position, the salary is not very enticing in proportion to the work that is required. It is a thankless job at times and requires a lot of patience. Yet there are certain intangibles that make teaching the ultimate profession for me. The simple fact that as a teacher I will have the opportunity to get in touch with and shape the mind of today’s youth to allow them to see the wonderful opportunities for them in this world is worth more than any remuneration that the job can provide. The satisfaction from being able to help young children fulfill their dreams and realize their full potential is something that cannot be measured by dollars and cents. This is where my educational philosophy comes from. I have always believed that there is no other better way to learn than by teaching. Many people say that you lean best by studying yet I disagree and say that one always learns best when teaching. Education is a two way street. The student learns from the teacher and the teacher learns about the student and more about life. Often times, the problem is that there is a communication barrier that exists between students and teachers. This makes it more difficult to impart anything upon the student because they are not as receptive. Another aspect that makes it more challenging arises from the fact that the learning curve that the teacher adopts may not necessarily be the one best suited for the student. This is often the case when there is no communication between the student and the teacher as caused by this carrier. For this reason, I believe that a lot of the teaching and learning must be accompanied with a certain level of respect in order to allow free intercourse of ideas that develop the learning. This approach, I believe, makes the teaching environment more productive as it cultivates respect for the teacher and the student. There is no greater joy in life than knowing as a teacher that you have done something to change the life of another. The development of the child is paramount in education. This development, however, is not only with regard to certain matters or fields of study but is more holistic in the sense that it challenges the child to not be content with what was learned but instead yearn for more. In child development, the teacher must always strive to make the child want to learn more. It is this type of preparation that aids in the development of the child. The role of teachers then becomes important in the context of child development because teachers need to understand what they are supposed to do. Many people have the mistaken impression that as teachers their role is to simply provide the student with information. The problem with this is that it imparts a static education. In order to become more effective as a teacher, one must realize that the role of the teacher is not to teach everything to the child but to equip the child to be able to learn more on his own. Teachers are guides. Teachers are not encyclopedias that just dispense any information at hand. Teachers should know that their role is to inspire in the child the desire to pursue higher learning. Teaching is a noble profession. In the hands of the teachers are entrusted the future of today’s youth. This important position in society is one that must not be taken lightly and must be revered. Yet in order for this to happen, a teacher must realize the importance of his or her job and the responsibilities that accompany such a privileged and indispensable role in society. To lead the children on that first step to a higher education is one of the greatest accomplishments that a teacher can hope to do.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay
Packing job is considered as an NP-hard job. It is an optimisation job of happening an optimum agreement of a set of points in a larger container with the aim of minimising the spread on the packing country or maximising the container use. This sort of job occurs in different industries and is important in mechanical design and industry, transit and in the development of a good layout design of an endeavor [ 9 ] . This job has been studied and different algorithms have been applied to come up with an optimum wadding agreement. Some optimisation algorithms that were used in work outing were familial algorithm and atom drove algorithm. Furthermore, another optimisation and swarm-based algorithm called the Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is presented in this paper. It is an algorithm that is based on the scrounging behavior of bees. In this survey, the research worker will utilize the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in happening an optimum agreement of jammed rectangles. Packing jobs consider a set of points and a bin that will keep the points which aim to pack points every bit dumbly as possible with really optimum to no spreads. Packing jobs are helpful and widely used in several Fieldss such as in fabrication and in state of affairss like make fulling up containers, lading burden, ship edifice, building and ornament layout and so on [ .. ] . Packing jobs are classified depending on the job ‘s application and aim. Some of the most of import jobs such as cutting stock, backpack and bin packing [ 4 ] are defined below. The cutting stock job is about cutting various-sized pieces out on a given stock sheets. The job can either be a trim-loss job or an mixture job. Trim-loss Problem Trim-loss job is the allotment onto stock sheets of pieces of different sizes demanded by the clients with the purpose of minimising the cost of waste. Assortment Problem The mixture job is concerned in finding the size of the pieces or points to be kept in stock of sheets such that the best choice of points is used so waste is minimized. Knapsack Problem The backpack job describes the procedure of packing the most valuable points into a fixed-sized storage such as a backpack. The job consists of points with matching weights and values and a backpack of limited capacity. The aim of the backpack job is to find which points that maximize the value should be in the backpack given that the entire weight of the points is at most of the weight of the backpack. Taken from [ 12 ] Figure.1: Illustration on the backpack job Bin Packing Bin wadding job has a aggregation of points of different sizes and a figure of bins holding the same horizontal and perpendicular dimensions. There are different sorts of bin packing such as 2D wadding, 3D wadding, additive wadding, battalion by weight and more [ 14 ] . The aim of the job is to merely pack the points into the bins minimising the figure of bins used. Taken from [ 13 ] Figure.2: Bin wadding of different forms Loading Problems Loading jobs deal with rectangular boxes that are to be packed into a rectangular palette. These jobs can be classified into maker ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs [ 4 ] . Manufacturer ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs are chiefly concerned with the wadding of indistinguishable and non-identical rectangular pieces severally. The aim of lading jobs is to happen an optimum wadding form such that the figure of boxes to be placed in a certain palette or container is maximized. Taken from [ 15 ] Figure.3: Illustration on palette burden jobs for indistinguishable boxes Other Discrepancies of Packing Problems There are several sorts of packing jobs. The followers are some packing jobs that deal in â€Å" happening the maximal figure of a certain form that can be packed into a larger, possibly different form †[ 3 ] . Sphere in Cuboid – a sphere wadding job that involves in happening an optimum agreement of given a set of spherical objects with diameter vitamin D be packed into a cuboid with a size of a ten B x degree Celsius Packing Circles – are some circle packing jobs that attempt to pack a set of indistinguishable circles into a circle or another form Taken from [ 5 ] & A ; [ 6 ] Figure.4: ( a ) Circles in circle, ( B ) Circles in square ( degree Celsius ) Circles in equilateral trigon and ( vitamin D ) Circles in regular hexagon Packing Squares – shows a set of indistinguishable squares packed inside a form such as the square and circle Taken from [ 5 ] & A ; [ 6 ] Figure.5: ( a ) Squares in square and ( B ) Squares in circle Rectangle Packing Problems Rectangle Packing Problem Definition Rectangle wadding job is an optimisation job of apportioning a set of rectangle points into a larger rectangle, the container with the aim of minimising the packing country or the country wasted [ 8 ] . The set of rectangle points has different dimensions of width tungsten and tallness H and the entire country of the points should non transcend the country of the container width W and height H. The arrangement of the points is described by the undermentioned set of restraints [ 8 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . No imbrication of rectangle points. No points must be wider or taller than the size of the container. Edges of the points must be parallel to the container ‘s border Taken from [ 7 ] Figure.6: Illustration of a authoritative rectangle wadding job process Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.7: A sample wadding of 9 rectangular points – 90o rotary motion allowed Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.8: A sample packing – fixed orientation, no rotary motion allowed Other Rectangle Packing Problems Packing Into An Open-ended Rectangle The job is described as arrangement, without overlapping, a set of rectangle points of different sizes in an open-ended rectangular container of width W. A rotary motion of 90A ° is allowed every bit long as no points overlap. All the rectangle points should be pack in manner that the entire length L of infinite occupied is minimized [ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.9: A possible agreement of eight points Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.10: Packing into an open-ended rectangles with three different breadths. Packing Into Rectangles of Fixed Size The thought behind this job is similar to usual bin packing jobs. It consists of rectangle points of different horizontal and perpendicular dimensions and a set of rectangular sheets of fixed length and breadth. The aim is to â€Å" happen an agreement of the pieces that minimizes the figure of sheets needed †[ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.11: Packing into fixed sized rectangles Drove Intelligence Swarm intelligence is defined as â€Å" any effort to plan algorithms or distributed problem-solving devices inspired by the corporate behavior of societal insect settlements and other carnal societies †[ 19 ] . What makes drove based algorithms an interesting mechanism for work outing jobs particularly NP-complete jobs is the two cardinal constructs within, self-organisation and division of labor. Some illustrations of swarm-inspired algorithms and surveies are Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , ant settlement, bee settlement, flock of birds and more [ 19 ] . The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm The Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is a nature-inspired optimisation algorithm defined by Dervis Karaboga in 2005 [ 2 ] . Based on the scrounging behavior of bees, the purpose of the algorithm is to happen nutrient beginnings with high nectar sums and finally take the 1 with the highest sum. In the ABC algorithm, bees are grouped into employed bees, looker-on bees and lookout bees. The employed bees are the 1 that exploit and keep the information of a peculiar nutrient beginning. The information on a specific nutrient beginning is so shared by each employed bees to the looker-on bees through a shake dance. Then, nutrient choice is done by the looker-on bees. These bees determine the quality of the nutrient beginnings and acquire to take the best nutrient beginning. When a nutrient beginning of an employed bee has been abandoned, this bee becomes a lookout bee. Scout bees are responsible for researching and seeking possible nutrient beginnings around the country. The Waggle Dance Bees need to pass on with other bees in order for them to happen and garner nutrient indispensable for the endurance of their settlement. One of the most interesting and challenging mechanisms of discoursing around the carnal land peculiarly Apis melliferas is dancing. Information on a certain nutrient beginning off from their hive is passed on to other bees through a shake dance. A shake dance is performed by a lookout bee informing his hive mates the exact way and distance to the nutrient beginning. During the shake dance, the bee performs an eight-figure form dance where it foremost walks in a consecutive line while waggling his tail back and Forth. Then looping is done in jumping waies and travels the consecutive line over and over once more capable to the way and the distance being relayed. Walking in the consecutive line indicates the way and figure of shakes refers to the distance of the nutrient beginning [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . Taken from [ 16 ] Figure.12: The shake dance The Algorithm The chief stairss of the ABC algorithm from [ 19 ] consisting of the employed bees, the looker-on bees and the lookout bees is given below. Figure.13: Main stairss of ABC Pseudocode of ABC The elaborate pseudocode of the ABC algorithm shown in [ 20 ] is given below: Initialize the population of solutions Xi Measure the population cycle=1 Repeat Produce new solutions ( nutrient beginning places ) Vi in the vicinity of Xi for the employed bees. Apply Greedy Selection Calculate the chance values Pi for the solutions Xi by agencies of their fittingness values utilizing the equation Normalize Pi values into [ 0,1 ] Produce the new solutions ( new places ) Vi for the looker-ons from the solutions Xi, Apply Greedy Selection Process for the looker-ons between Xi and Vi Determine abandoned Solutions, and replace it with new randomly produced solutions Xi for the lookout Memorize the best nutrient beginning place achieved so far rhythm = cycle+1 UNTIL ( rhythm = Maximum Cycle Number ) Initially, random executable solutions ( nutrient beginnings ) are generated and evaluated. Then, the employed bees will seek for new solutions in the vicinity out of the current solutions and the greedy choice is applied. The choice of much fitter solutions is done by the looker-on bees and is dependent on the fittingness value. The nutrient beginnings that do non better after a series of loop are abandoned and the bee associated to it eventually becomes a lookout. The lookout will seek for a new nutrient beginning once more. The whole procedure continues until the expiration standard is satisfied. Neighbourhood Search Neighbourhood searching is the procedure of bring forthing better solutions from the current executable solutions. A new solution is generated utilizing the equation below: ( 1 ) where XA ij is the value of cell in solution XA i ( current solution ) which is indiscriminately picked, XA kj is the value of cell J in XA k, a random solution non equal to XA i, O is a random value in the scope of [ 0, 1 ] . Greedy Selection The greedy choice is responsible of doing and taking the optimum solution at each phase of the procedure. Fitness Function A fittingness map determines the quality of a nutrient beginning ( solution ) . The higher the fitness value of the equation below, the better the solution is. ( 2 ) where is the cost map Probability Function The chance map determines the chance that a peculiar nutrient beginning will be preferred by looker-on bees. The chance value is calculated utilizing the expression below: ( 3 ) where I is the current nutrient beginning and Sn is the entire figure of nutrient beginnings. Literature Review In the paper â€Å" An Improved Genetic Algorithm for the Packing of Rectangles †by Ming Le Stefan Jakobs [ 22 ] in his paper entitled â€Å" On familial algorithms for the wadding of polygons †implemented a intercrossed attack to familial algorithm. Jakobs used the bottom-left-condition to cut down the figure of possible wadding forms. The initial population is composed of width-sorted sequence of agreements based on the bottom-left regulation. A rectangular piece is moved get downing from the upper right corner of the country and moving every bit far as to the bottom so allotment is done every bit far as to the left corner of the bounding rectangle. This construct of a intercrossed familial algorithm was besides used in wadding of polygons job. Chen Zhao, et al [ 23 ] introduced the construct of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization ( DPSO ) algorithm. In this method, a. For a elaborate treatment on the said method, see [ 23 ] . Statement of the Problem Packing jobs such as rectangle packing belongs to the category of NP-hard jobs since there is no easy manner to find the optimum solution for every instance. Finding the best manner of suiting a figure of rectangles into a larger rectangle is a clip devouring repeating undertaking and involves a really big solution infinite. The ABC algorithm, a new swarm-based methodological analysis, has been proven to be an efficient attack that solves optimisation jobs in assorted countries. Some research surveies besides show that ABC outperforms other optimisation techniques such as familial algorithm. In this survey, the ABC algorithm will be implemented to work out rectangle packing jobs. Therefore, this paper will prove the efficiency of the ABC algorithm in happening the best possible agreement of packing rectangles. Timeline The tabular array below shows the undertakings and their corresponding clip periods that I intend to set about to successfully finish this research. Undertaking No. Time Period Undertaking Description 1 Dec 13 – Dec 19, 2010 Research and reading of bing documents and published surveies sing rectangle wadding jobs and the ABC algorithm. Making of the first bill of exchange of the Thesis Proposal. 2 Dec 21, 2010 – Jan 04, 2011 Execution of the proposed algorithm. Making of the Proposed Approach portion of the thesis. 3 Jan 05, 2011 – Feb 2011 Testing and debugging. Experimentation stage. Making of the 10-page conference paper and 5-page URS paper. 4 Feb – Mar 2011 Finalizing of documents and other necessary demands 5 Mar 2011 Submission twenty-four hours
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Movie Summary - Reservoir Dogs essays
Movie Summary - Reservoir Dogs essays The movie Reservoir Dogs is the breakout hit of director Quentin Tarantino and was highly influenced by this week's in-class selection, Mean Streets. Reservoir Dogs was initially supposed to be made for $50,000 and shot in black and white until Tarantino's producer begged him for two months to raise money for the film and came up with $1.2 million. It grossed $2.812 million (leesmovieinfo.com) in the box office and had gone on to influence many other modern filmmakers in the last 12 years. Reservoir Dogs is not a film that a studio would have done because there is no protagonist. There is no "good guy" in the whole movie. Instead, we are shown a handful of characters with both good and bad traits, both relevant and irrelevant to the situation itself. The movie shows that loyalty is not always rewarded, and this is certainly not a value traditionally portrayed in Hollywood cinema. Reservoir Dogs has equilibrium, disruption, and more disruption, but absolutely no restoration whatsoever. While they are complex, the characters are easy to identify with because they all have distinctly human qualities and vulnerabilities... fear to hate, nothing is behind the curtain, it's all very out in the open. Each displays the emotion that the viewer has experienced throughout their life. The ending is resolved, but nothing was accomplished. The viewer leaves knowing that everyone is dead or captured, but there is a sense of wondering why, since there was no happy ending for anyone. One cannot help but wonder what the point of all the mayhem was. The editing was very well done, and one would never guess that the film was made with only a little over $1 million. The lighting was sufficient, the cameras didn't shake, and while there were no big special effects or stunts, the viewer is caught more in the story than explosions. The nonlinear timeline also added to the suspense of the movie. This movie has no traditional subculture at all. A woman sh...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Free Essays on Nike Of Samothrace
Nike of Samothrace Nike of Samothrace is one of the most famous of all Greek sculptures. Commonly called the â€Å"Winged Victory†, because Nike was the Greek goddess of victory, is a perfect symbol of the war-dominated Hellenistic Age. Carved to appear to be striding into the wind, the female form emerges with wildly agitated draperies and soaring wings. The wings from just behind the shoulders were sculpted with fine detail and utilize the mass that adds to the strength of Nike. The statue was carved free hand from Paros marble and stands eight feet tall. Surviving many earthquakes, wars and weather the statue suffered considerable damage over the years. When the statue was found in 1862, it was in 200 pieces. The left wing and right breast were restored. Both arms and head are missing and the right foot is gone. Nike required three years of restoration and even still many cracks, nicks, and cuts remain. Originally part of a sculptural group on the mountainous island of Samothrace, inside the area called Sanctuary of the Great Gods, there was a fountain and a reflecting pool, where Nike was to sit. The wind from the North Aegean sea causing small waves in the pool would have made the marble sculpture look natural and causing a realistic appearance. The intended display was as beautiful as the sculpture itself. Although there were no actual eyewitnesses, one hundred percent fact documentation, â€Å"The Winged Victory†, is thought to have been sculpted in commemoration of the great naval battle of Ptolemy off Cypriot Salamis, led by Demetrius. The discussion of why â€Å"The Winged Victory†was erected will probably go on for another hundred years, but the question of who sculpted the statue and in what style is still an unsolved mystery. Many believe the marble on the base is Rhodes and it is generally believed that the sculpture was made by a Rhodian, the style is debated. Today the sculpture is part of the collection of the Lo... Free Essays on Nike Of Samothrace Free Essays on Nike Of Samothrace Nike of Samothrace Nike of Samothrace is one of the most famous of all Greek sculptures. Commonly called the â€Å"Winged Victory†, because Nike was the Greek goddess of victory, is a perfect symbol of the war-dominated Hellenistic Age. Carved to appear to be striding into the wind, the female form emerges with wildly agitated draperies and soaring wings. The wings from just behind the shoulders were sculpted with fine detail and utilize the mass that adds to the strength of Nike. The statue was carved free hand from Paros marble and stands eight feet tall. Surviving many earthquakes, wars and weather the statue suffered considerable damage over the years. When the statue was found in 1862, it was in 200 pieces. The left wing and right breast were restored. Both arms and head are missing and the right foot is gone. Nike required three years of restoration and even still many cracks, nicks, and cuts remain. Originally part of a sculptural group on the mountainous island of Samothrace, inside the area called Sanctuary of the Great Gods, there was a fountain and a reflecting pool, where Nike was to sit. The wind from the North Aegean sea causing small waves in the pool would have made the marble sculpture look natural and causing a realistic appearance. The intended display was as beautiful as the sculpture itself. Although there were no actual eyewitnesses, one hundred percent fact documentation, â€Å"The Winged Victory†, is thought to have been sculpted in commemoration of the great naval battle of Ptolemy off Cypriot Salamis, led by Demetrius. The discussion of why â€Å"The Winged Victory†was erected will probably go on for another hundred years, but the question of who sculpted the statue and in what style is still an unsolved mystery. Many believe the marble on the base is Rhodes and it is generally believed that the sculpture was made by a Rhodian, the style is debated. Today the sculpture is part of the collection of the Lo...
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